Heat transfer – conduction, convection, radiation, heat flow measurements, structural influence on the heat flow distribution, effect of radioactivity, role of groundwater circulation and changes of state of groundwater.
Natural hydrothermal systems chemical nature of hydrothermal systems, hydrothermal solutions, chemical and isotopic geothermometers, origin and age of geothermal resources, rock alteration related to water geochemistry, data collection and processing.
Utilization of geothermal energy. Economics and management of geothermal energy,
Case histories – Indian and world examples.