Internal structure of the Earth. Mineralogy and composition of the upper mantle, transition zone and lower mantle. Polymorphic transformations between olivine, wadsleyite and ringwoodite. Core–mantle boundary region and D” layer. Mineral physics and phase relations of perovskite and post-perovskite in the MgO–FeO–Al2O3–SiO2 system. Mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts in volcanic rocks. Majoritic garnet microstructures. Supersilicic omphacite. Diamond inclusions and superdeep diamonds. Indicator minerals for diamond exploration. Classification schemes of mantle-derived garnets in kimberlite. Geothermometry and geobarometry of mantle xenoliths. Oxygen barometers and mantle oxidation states. Thermodynamics of phase transition and mantle convection. Mantle adiabat. Mantle metasomatism. Chemical composition of mantle metasomatic fluids. Cryptic and modal metasomatism. Phlogopite-related metasomatism of peridotites. MARID and allied rocks. Depletion and refertilisation of mantle source regions. Tracing lithospheric evolution through mineral geochemistry. Chemistry of carbon in aqueous fluids. Mantle carbon and formation of diamonds. Morphology and surface textures of diamonds. Diamond Types based on nitrogen aggregation states.