Carbonate system and pH control. Water-rock interaction and solubility of minerals; incongruent dissolution of primary silicates; mass balance approach to weathering. Pollution of water and land by mining activities and industrial effluents. Acid mine drainage. trace metals, speciation and toxicity. Clay mineralogy; cation exchange in clay minerals; Langmuir and Freundlich sorption isotherms. Radioactive pollution; radioactive waste disposal. Coastal environments of India; coastal regulation zone; coastal pollution and hazards. Statistical tools for environmental data analyses. Environmental impact assessment studies.