Introduction to photogrammetry optics, principles of photography, photographic films, filters, aerial cameras. Vertical photographs – scale, ground coordinates, relief displacement, flying height, stereoscopic viewing, stereoscopic parallax, principle of floating point and stereoscopic methods of parallax measurement, elevations by parallax differences, vertical exaggeration.

Radial line triangulation, planimetric map revision, ground control for aerial photography, aerial mosaics. 
Tilted photographs, stereoscopic plotting instruments. Ortho-photography. Air photo interpretation for earth scientists.