Structural type and atomic replacements in ore minerals, stabilities of ore minerals in select multicomponent systems, ore mineral stabilities in aqueous systems and activities of complex ions in ore fluids. Fluid inclusion studies for geothermobarometry and recognition of fluid components. Growth and growth structures of crystalline phases in open space and polycrystalline aggregates. Structures due to annealing and deformation. Ore textures and their origin. Important mineral associations in different genetic groups.