Basis of surveying: Definition, principles, types and various applications of surveying. Scale and reference frame of a map or plan. Geodetic reference frames and coordinate transformations – various reference systems and map projections. Leveling, distance measurement, angles and directions, theodolites, total stations, traverse surveys. Topographic surveying and mapping, Great Triangulation Survey. Satellite positioning, time systems, satellite orbit and signals, Atmospheric effects, GPS observables and data processing, Precision analysis and high precision GPS, Applications of GPS.